TWI Ltd, holding experience in powder metallurgy (PM) manufacturing processes has successfully developed a manufacturing strategy to produce Inconel®625 (IN625) Y-shaped submarine pipe using near net shape powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing (NNS PM HIP) technology. NNS PM HIP is an advanced manufacturing process, capable of manufacturing complex-shaped parts with excellent material properties and microstructure. The process has the potential to vastly improve the “buy-to-fly” ratio of large industrial (marine, aerospace, power, aeronautical, nuclear, etc.) components (going from ~10:1 to ~2:1) when compared to a conventional manufacturing route such as casting-forging and machining. Figure 1 shows a CAD model of the submarine pipe which is currently produced using the conventional casting-forging and machining manufacturing route with a buy-to-fly ratio of 7.4:1, meaning that the current manufacturing process results in a high level of material waste with a relatively long lead time.