Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug that is often possessed as an illicit drug and is associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong sedative capabilities. Hence, we propose an electrified liquid–liquid interface (eLLI) based transducing element as an alternative electroanalytical platform for rapid screening of CZ in soft and hard drinks which is habitually associated with DFSA crimes. First, molecular partitioning and the effect of chemical composition, pH, and the presence of ethanol in the biphasic configuration of the aqueous phase on the interfacial behaviour and analytical performance of the CZ at the eLLI have been investigated with voltammetry. Next, the electrochemical profiles of various soft and hard drinks were studied at the eLLI. The eLLI-based CZ sensor has shown a broad dynamic range (15–150 μM), lower detection limits (1μM), and adequate reliability towards rapid CZ screening in spiked soft and hard drink samples with reference to the standard chromatographic analysis.
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Evaluation of electrochemical profile of benzadiazopine drug and bevarage samples
The reseults are highly reprodusible thanks to the specific composition of the electrified liquid-liquid interface.
The analytical results are relatively on par to that of the standard chromatograpic technique.
